1. To indicate a CONTRAST:
In comparison, …….
however, ….
on the other hand, …
alternatively,..
in contrast, …
…instead
on the contrary….
….in fact
rather …..
in comparison
… is another possibility
but ….
better/worst still
despite this …..
in spite of ……
nevertheless
notwithstanding
for all that
yet…..
although…..
all the same
However, issues confront the idea of .. are..
Likewise, if …. (similarly,…)
the other way around – with the order reversed; “she hates him and vice versa
ease of use influences usefulness but not vice versa.
contrariwise, …. (dan sebaliknya…) = on the contrary,..
conversely,..
This is in contrast to …. which provides a simple use
2. To provide an illustration
for example, ….
that is …..
that is to say
in other words…..
namely…..
such as…..,……
typical of this/such….
on such…..
a typical/particular/key example
including…..,……
especially………..
not least
cheifly
mainly…
most importantly….
3. To extend a point
similarly…….
equally……..
likewise
also, ….
furthermore,…..
Indeed, ………….
in the same way, ….
besides, ………
above all, ……..
…….as well
in addition,……….
3. Supporting idea
similarly…….
it is congruent with …theory that suggests …
this factor is equivalent to ….construct
this factor is analogues to ….construct
4. to emphasis
Indeed, ……
Obviously, …..
…, as outlined above,…
Particularly ….
Especially…..
Specifically ….
Notably …… (terutama …)
5. To show cause and effect/conclusion:
so….
therefore,…..
thus,….
hence,….
accordingly,…..
then,….
as result/consequence,….
resulting from….., ….
in this/that case, ….
consequently, ….
for this reason, ….
owing to/due to the fact that ….., ….
it follows that …..
this suggests that…….
accepting/assuming this…
in conclusion, …..
it might be concluded from this that…..
this implies ….
in short
to conclude, ….
in all
6. Logical conclusion
Hence, ….
Accordingly, ….
Therefore,….
On the basis of these arguments, we suggest…
7. To show the steps:
first(ly),…… second(ly)……….
Initially, …. (pertama-tama, ..)
to begin/start with……….
in the first/second place……….
first and foremost………….
first and most importantly……..
first………
another, ……….
then
after …, …
next, ……. = Subsequently, ….
afterward,….
then….
finally………
ultimately,……..
lastly,……..
on top of that,….
8. to summarize
overall,……
in sum,….
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