Linking Words & Phrases for Essays

1. To indicate a contrast:

In comparison, …….

however, ….

on the other hand, …

alternatively,..

in contrast, …

…instead

on the contrary….

….in fact

rather …..

in comparison

… is another possibility

but ….

better/worst still

despite this …..

in spite of ……

nevertheless

notwithstanding

for all that

yet…..

although…..

all the same

However, issues confront the idea of .. are..

Likewise, if …. (similarly,…)

the other way around – with the order reversed; “she hates him and vice versa

ease of use influences usefulness but not vice versa.

contrariwise, …. (dan sebaliknya…) = on the contrary,..

conversely,..

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2. To provide an illustration

for example, ….

that is …..

that is to say

in other words…..

namely…..

such as…..,……

typical of this/such….

on such…..

a typical/particular/key example

including…..,……

especially………..

not least

cheifly

mainly…

most importantly….

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3. To extend a point

similarly…….

equally……..

likewise

also, ….

furthermore,…..

Indeed, ………….

in the same way, ….

besides, ………

above all, ……..

…….as well

in addition,……….

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3. Supporting idea

similarly…….

it is congruent with …theory that suggests …

this factor is equivalent to ….construct

this factor is analogues to ….construct

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4. to emphasis

Indeed, ……

Obviously, …..

…, as outlined above,…

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5. To show cause and effect/conclusion:

so….

therefore,…..

thus,….

hence,….

accordingly,…..

then,….

as result/consequence,….

resulting from….., ….

in this/that case, ….

consequently, ….

for this reason, ….

owing to/due to the fact that ….., ….

it follows that …..

this suggests that…….

accepting/assuming this…

in conclusion, …..

it might be concluded from this that…..

this implies ….

in short

to conclude, ….

in all

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6. Logical conclusion

Hence, ….

Accordingly, ….

Therefore,….

On the basis of these arguments, we suggest…

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7. To show the next step:

first(ly),…… second(ly)……….

Initially, …. (pertama-tama, ..)

to begin/start with……….

in the first/second place……….

first and foremost………….

first and most importantly……..

first………

another, ……….

then

after  …, …

next, ……. = Subsequently, ….

afterward,….

then….

finally………

ultimately,……..

lastly,……..

on top of that,….

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8. to summarize

overall,……

in sum,….

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Particularly ….

Especially…..

Specifically ….

Notably …… (terutama …)

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This is in contrast  to …. which provides a simple use