sholikhan_kali ini saya akan menshare mengenai (Lloyds Shipping Law Library) Simon Curtis-The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts-Informa Law from Routledge (2013). Ini adalah teks utama pembuatan kapal dan konstruksi laut, yang sudah banyak digunakan secara global oleh pemilik kapal, pembuat kapal dan penasihat komersial dan hukum mereka.
Sekarang sepuluh tahun sejak edisi terakhir dan banyak yang telah berubah di dunia pembuatan kapal sejak saat itu, terutama pada periode sejak 2008 yang telah melihat banyak usaha oleh pemilik untuk menegosiasikan ulang harga dan / atau tanggal pengiriman tonase dan peningkatan yang sangat besar dalam tingkat penolakan kapal dan perselisihan pembatalan.
dapat di dwonload melalui link berikut:
https://userscloud.com/ed4chm2sa52d
PART 1—THE NATURE OF THE SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT 1
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 3
PART 2—THE FORMATION OF THE SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT 5
Formal requirements 5
Shipbuilding practice: negotiation of the contract and specifications 7
Inception of the project 8
Invitations to tender 8
Initial negotiations 9
Letters of intent 9
Bridging contracts 12
Final negotiations 13
Standard forms of contract 13
The SAJ Form 14
Other contract forms 14
PART 3—STANDARD TERMS 15
The preamble 17
Allocation of the design risk 19
Where the design risk is addressed 19
Where the design risk is not addressed 20
The standard forms 21
Plan and drawing approvals 22
Article I—Description and class 23
Hull number 24
Compliance with principal plans and drawings 25
xiii
Dimensions and characteristics 25
Performance guarantees 26
Classification and other regulatory requirements 27
(i) Classification requirements 27
(ii) Regulatory requirements 31
(iii) Disputes 33
Quality standards and quality assurance 33
Subcontracting 35
Registration 37
Article II—Contract price and terms of payment 38
Financing the newbuilding 40
(1) Financing for the builder 40
The buyer’s instalments 40
Additional financing 41
(2) Financing for the buyer 42
(i) Builder’s credits 43
SAJ Form variations 43
(ii) Buyer’s credits 44
(3) Subsidies 44
The OECD framework 44
Contract subsidy provisions 45
Terms of payment 45
(a) Bank charges 45
(b) Currency 46
(c) Timing 46
(d) Security for payment 49
(e) Prepayments 49
(f) Rights of set-off and deduction 50
(g) Common law rights of abatement 51
Method of payment 52
Buyer’s allowances 53
Price renegotiations 56
Article III—Adjustment of contract price 59
Liquidated damages 62
(i) Delay in delivery 68
(a) The accrual of the buyer’s rights 69
(b) The level of liquidated damages 71
(c) The buyer’s right to rescind for excessive delay 71
(d) Repudiation of the contract 73
(e) The builder’s bonus 73
(ii) Insufficiency of speed 74
(iii) Excessive fuel consumption 75
(iv) Inadequate deadweight capacity 76
(v) Other deficiencies 76
Settlement of the builder’s liability in liquidated damages 77
Liquidated damages and rescission 78
‘‘Caps’’ on liquidated damages 78
xiv CONTENTS
Article IV—Approval of plans and drawings and inspection during construction 79
Approval of plans and drawings 81
Buyer’s representatives 83
The obligation to notify defects 85
Liability for the buyer’s representatives 86
Unsuitability of the buyer’s representatives 88
Article V—Modifications 89
Buyer’s modifications 90
‘‘Class’’ modifications 92
Builder’s modifications 93
Disputes 94
Article VI—Trials 97
Notice of the trials 100
The conduct of the trials 101
(i) Location 101
(ii) Weather conditions 101
(iii) Crewing and navigation 102
(iv) Provisioning 102
Completion of the trials: the meaning of ‘‘acceptance’’ 103
Method of acceptance or rejection 104
Presentation of the trial results 104
The buyer’s election 104
Acceptance of the vessel 105
Rejection of the vessel 106
When is the vessel deliverable? 107
A. General principles 108
Conditions, ‘‘innominate’’ terms and warranties 108
Principles of construction 109
The right to reject goods on quality grounds 110
B. The application of the general principles 111
(i) Where the statutory implied terms are excluded by the terms
of the contract 112
(ii) Where the statutory implied terms are not excluded by
the terms of the contract 115
General principles 115
(a) Compliance with description 115
(b) ‘‘Satisfactory quality’’ 118
(c) Reasonable fitness for purpose 120
The effect of rejection 121
(a) Lawful rejection 122
(b) Unlawful rejection 123
Article VII—Delivery 126
Delivery of the vessel 127
The place of delivery 127
The time of delivery 127
Early delivery 129
The vessel’s condition on delivery 129
CONTENTS xv
Delivery documentation 130
(a) The Protocol of Delivery and Acceptance (the ‘‘Protocol’’) 130
(b) Other documentation 131
Protocol of Trials 132
Protocol of Inventory of Equipment 132
Protocol of Fuel Oils, Lube Oils and Consumable stores on board 132
Classification and trading certificates 132
Declaration of warranty of freedom from encumbrances 133
Drawings and plans 134
Commercial invoice 134
Bill of sale/builder’s certificate 134
Further documents 135
Title to the vessel 135
(a) The effect of the lex situs 136
(b) The effect of English law 136
(i) No express provision in the contract 136
(ii) Title passing upon delivery and acceptance 138
(iii) Title passing prior to delivery and acceptance 139
(c) The builder’s lien 143
Risks of loss or damage 143
‘‘Deemed’’ delivery 145
Removal of the vessel from the shipyard 145
Article VIII—Delays and extension of time for delivery (force majeure) 146
Force majeure: general principles 148
(i) Delay caused by or comprising the builder’s breach of contract or negligence 149
(ii) The effects of a prior breach 151
(iii) ‘‘Concurrent’’ delays 152
Standard Form wordings 154
(a) Force majeure events 154
‘‘Acts of God’’ 155
‘‘War or other hostilities or preparations therefor’’ 156
‘‘Strikes, lockouts or other labour disturbances’’ 156
‘‘Labour shortage’’ 158
‘‘Explosions’’ 158
‘‘Shortage of materials, machinery or equipment . . . delays in delivery etc.’’ 159
‘‘Defects in materials, machinery or equipment which could not have been detected
by the builder using reasonable care’’ 159
‘‘Delays in the builder’s other commitments . . . which in turn delay construction
of the vessel’’ 160
‘‘Other causes or accidents beyond the control of the builder, its subcontractors or
suppliers . . . whether or not indicated by the foregoing words’’ 160
(b) The impact of force majeure events 163
(c) The requirement of notice 164
(d) Permissible delay 166
(e) Excessive delay 167
(f) Frustration 168
Article IX—Warranty of quality 170
The nature of the builder’s warranty 172
Limitation upon the builder’s warranty 174
xvi CONTENTS
Defects existing on delivery 174
Time limits 175
Loss of use 176
Replaced parts 176
Subcontractors’ warranties 176
Damage caused to the vessel 177
The requirement of notice 178
The obligation to remedy 178
To whom is the builder’s obligation owed? 180
Exclusions 182
(a) Express terms of the contract 183
(b) Consequential or special losses 185
(c) Circumstances outside the builder’s control 186
(d) Implied terms of the contract 187
The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 188
The test of reasonableness 189
The guarantee engineer 191
Article X—Rescission by buyer 193
The buyer’s right to rescind 194
(i) Delay in delivery 194
(ii) Technical deficiencies in the vessel 194
(iii) ‘‘Financial’’ defaults 195
(iv) Total loss of the vessel 196
(v) Other defaults 196
The effect of the buyer’s rescission 197
The builder’s obligation to refund 197
Damages 199
Buyer’s supplies 201
Title to the vessel 202
Rights to complete the contract works 202
The buyer’s common law remedies 205
Acceptance of the builder’s repudiatory breach 205
Specific performance 206
Article XI—Buyer’s default 208
The definition of default 209
Notice of default 210
The effect of default 210
The effect of rescission by the builder 213
Prepaid instalments 213
Instalments due but unpaid 214
Future instalments 217
Buyer’s supplies 217
Sale of the vessel 217
Common law remedies 220
Article XII—Insurance 222
The duty to insure 223
The Japanese builder’s risks insurance clause 224
CONTENTS xvii
The London Insurance Clauses 225
The scope of coverage 225
Latent defects 228
Buyer’s supplies 229
Assignment 229
Partial losses 230
Total loss 231
Delayed delivery/cancellation insurances 232
Article XIII—Dispute and arbitration 233
Standard form arbitration provisions 234
The SAJ Form 235
The NEWBUILDCON Form 235
The CMAC Form 235
Technical and non-technical arbitrations 235
Technical disputes 236
Non-technical disputes 237
Arbitration proceedings in London 238
The constitution of the arbitration tribunal 239
The proceedings 239
Appeals 239
Agreements to waive the right to appeal 240
Back-to-back contracts 240
Other standard provisions 241
Judicial proceedings 242
Alternative Dispute Resolution 243
Article XIV—Right of assignment 245
General principles relating to assignment 246
1. Benefits 246
2. Burdens 246
3. Prohibitions upon assignment 247
4. ‘‘Consent not to be unreasonably withheld’’ 249
The Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 250
Shipbuilding contract assignments 251
The standard forms 252
Novation 253
Article XV—Taxes and duties 254
Article XVI—Patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc. 255
Property in plans, drawings, etc. 256
Article XVII—Buyer’s supplies 257
Article XVIII—Notice 261
Article XIX—Effective date of contract 263
Conditions precedent and subsequent 263
Conditions and contractual obligations 264
Conditions precedent and subsequent in shipbuilding contracts 264
xviii CONTENTS
Reliance upon Effective Date provisions 265
Waiver of conditions 270
Article XX—Interpretation 273
Applicable law 273
Express choice of law 273
No express choice of law 274
Discrepancies 275
Entire agreement 275
‘‘Non-reliance’’ provisions 276
Express exclusions of liability for misrepresentation 278
Article XXI—Sundry provisions 279
Guarantee 280
Other typical shipbuilding contract terms 281
Suspension of the work 281
Environmental protection 282
Confidentiality 283
Exclusions and limitations of liability 284
PART 4—AGREEMENTS ANCILLARY TO THE SHIPBUILDING
CONTRACT 287
I. The specifications 287
II. Guarantees issued on behalf of the builder 288
Refund guarantees 289
Performance guarantees 293
Completion bonds 294
The enforceability of the builder’s guarantees 295
(a) The Statute of Frauds 1677 296
(b) Other formalities 297
(c) The requirement of disclosure 298
(d) The effect of variations to the underlying contract 300
III. Guarantees issued on behalf of the buyer 303
Pre-delivery guarantees 304
Post-delivery guarantees 305
IV. Letters of comfort 306
V. Contract assignments 307
VI. Option agreements 308
PART 5—SHIP CONVERSION CONTRACTS 311
I. The distinctive features of the conversion project 311
II. The nature of the conversion contract 313
III. The key terms of the conversion contract 313
The scope of the works 314
Price 314
Time-frame 315
Force majeure 315
CONTENTS xix
Title to the works 315
Risk of loss and insurance 315
Contractor’s warranty 316
Rescission 316
Law and jurisdiction 316Hukum Kontrak Pembuatan Kapal memeriksa prinsip-prinsip hukum kontrak Inggris karena ini berlaku untuk pembuatan kapal. Edisi ini berkomentar secara rinci mengenai Asosiasi Pembuat Kapal Jepang, namun sekarang membandingkannya dengan NEWBUILDCON dari BIMCO pada tahun 2007 dan China Maritime Arbitration Commission Forms dari tahun 2011 yang secara signifikan berbeda. Ini juga mencakup bagian-bagian yang menangani kesepakatan tambahan untuk kontrak pembuatan kapal dan kontrak konversi.
adapun daftar isi nya adalah sebagai berikut:
PART 1—THE NATURE OF THE SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT 1
The Sale of Goods Act 1979 3
PART 2—THE FORMATION OF THE SHIPBUILDING CONTRACT 5
Formal requirements 5
Shipbuilding practice: negotiation of the contract and specifications 7
Inception of the project 8
Invitations to tender 8
Initial negotiations 9
Letters of intent 9
Bridging contracts 12
Final negotiations 13
Standard forms of contract 13
The SAJ Form 14
Other contract forms 14
PART 3—STANDARD TERMS 15
The preamble 17
Allocation of the design risk 19
Where the design risk is addressed 19
Where the design risk is not addressed 20
The standard forms 21
Plan and drawing approvals 22
Article I—Description and class 23
Hull number 24
Compliance with principal plans and drawings 25
xiii
Dimensions and characteristics 25
Performance guarantees 26
Classification and other regulatory requirements 27
(i) Classification requirements 27
(ii) Regulatory requirements 31
(iii) Disputes 33
Quality standards and quality assurance 33
Subcontracting 35
Registration 37
Article II—Contract price and terms of payment 38
Financing the newbuilding 40
(1) Financing for the builder 40
The buyer’s instalments 40
Additional financing 41
(2) Financing for the buyer 42
(i) Builder’s credits 43
SAJ Form variations 43
(ii) Buyer’s credits 44
(3) Subsidies 44
The OECD framework 44
Contract subsidy provisions 45
Terms of payment 45
(a) Bank charges 45
(b) Currency 46
(c) Timing 46
(d) Security for payment 49
(e) Prepayments 49
(f) Rights of set-off and deduction 50
(g) Common law rights of abatement 51
Method of payment 52
Buyer’s allowances 53
Price renegotiations 56
Article III—Adjustment of contract price 59
Liquidated damages 62
(i) Delay in delivery 68
(a) The accrual of the buyer’s rights 69
(b) The level of liquidated damages 71
(c) The buyer’s right to rescind for excessive delay 71
(d) Repudiation of the contract 73
(e) The builder’s bonus 73
(ii) Insufficiency of speed 74
(iii) Excessive fuel consumption 75
(iv) Inadequate deadweight capacity 76
(v) Other deficiencies 76
Settlement of the builder’s liability in liquidated damages 77
Liquidated damages and rescission 78
‘‘Caps’’ on liquidated damages 78
xiv CONTENTS
Article IV—Approval of plans and drawings and inspection during construction 79
Approval of plans and drawings 81
Buyer’s representatives 83
The obligation to notify defects 85
Liability for the buyer’s representatives 86
Unsuitability of the buyer’s representatives 88
Article V—Modifications 89
Buyer’s modifications 90
‘‘Class’’ modifications 92
Builder’s modifications 93
Disputes 94
Article VI—Trials 97
Notice of the trials 100
The conduct of the trials 101
(i) Location 101
(ii) Weather conditions 101
(iii) Crewing and navigation 102
(iv) Provisioning 102
Completion of the trials: the meaning of ‘‘acceptance’’ 103
Method of acceptance or rejection 104
Presentation of the trial results 104
The buyer’s election 104
Acceptance of the vessel 105
Rejection of the vessel 106
When is the vessel deliverable? 107
A. General principles 108
Conditions, ‘‘innominate’’ terms and warranties 108
Principles of construction 109
The right to reject goods on quality grounds 110
B. The application of the general principles 111
(i) Where the statutory implied terms are excluded by the terms
of the contract 112
(ii) Where the statutory implied terms are not excluded by
the terms of the contract 115
General principles 115
(a) Compliance with description 115
(b) ‘‘Satisfactory quality’’ 118
(c) Reasonable fitness for purpose 120
The effect of rejection 121
(a) Lawful rejection 122
(b) Unlawful rejection 123
Article VII—Delivery 126
Delivery of the vessel 127
The place of delivery 127
The time of delivery 127
Early delivery 129
The vessel’s condition on delivery 129
CONTENTS xv
Delivery documentation 130
(a) The Protocol of Delivery and Acceptance (the ‘‘Protocol’’) 130
(b) Other documentation 131
Protocol of Trials 132
Protocol of Inventory of Equipment 132
Protocol of Fuel Oils, Lube Oils and Consumable stores on board 132
Classification and trading certificates 132
Declaration of warranty of freedom from encumbrances 133
Drawings and plans 134
Commercial invoice 134
Bill of sale/builder’s certificate 134
Further documents 135
Title to the vessel 135
(a) The effect of the lex situs 136
(b) The effect of English law 136
(i) No express provision in the contract 136
(ii) Title passing upon delivery and acceptance 138
(iii) Title passing prior to delivery and acceptance 139
(c) The builder’s lien 143
Risks of loss or damage 143
‘‘Deemed’’ delivery 145
Removal of the vessel from the shipyard 145
Article VIII—Delays and extension of time for delivery (force majeure) 146
Force majeure: general principles 148
(i) Delay caused by or comprising the builder’s breach of contract or negligence 149
(ii) The effects of a prior breach 151
(iii) ‘‘Concurrent’’ delays 152
Standard Form wordings 154
(a) Force majeure events 154
‘‘Acts of God’’ 155
‘‘War or other hostilities or preparations therefor’’ 156
‘‘Strikes, lockouts or other labour disturbances’’ 156
‘‘Labour shortage’’ 158
‘‘Explosions’’ 158
‘‘Shortage of materials, machinery or equipment . . . delays in delivery etc.’’ 159
‘‘Defects in materials, machinery or equipment which could not have been detected
by the builder using reasonable care’’ 159
‘‘Delays in the builder’s other commitments . . . which in turn delay construction
of the vessel’’ 160
‘‘Other causes or accidents beyond the control of the builder, its subcontractors or
suppliers . . . whether or not indicated by the foregoing words’’ 160
(b) The impact of force majeure events 163
(c) The requirement of notice 164
(d) Permissible delay 166
(e) Excessive delay 167
(f) Frustration 168
Article IX—Warranty of quality 170
The nature of the builder’s warranty 172
Limitation upon the builder’s warranty 174
xvi CONTENTS
Defects existing on delivery 174
Time limits 175
Loss of use 176
Replaced parts 176
Subcontractors’ warranties 176
Damage caused to the vessel 177
The requirement of notice 178
The obligation to remedy 178
To whom is the builder’s obligation owed? 180
Exclusions 182
(a) Express terms of the contract 183
(b) Consequential or special losses 185
(c) Circumstances outside the builder’s control 186
(d) Implied terms of the contract 187
The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 188
The test of reasonableness 189
The guarantee engineer 191
Article X—Rescission by buyer 193
The buyer’s right to rescind 194
(i) Delay in delivery 194
(ii) Technical deficiencies in the vessel 194
(iii) ‘‘Financial’’ defaults 195
(iv) Total loss of the vessel 196
(v) Other defaults 196
The effect of the buyer’s rescission 197
The builder’s obligation to refund 197
Damages 199
Buyer’s supplies 201
Title to the vessel 202
Rights to complete the contract works 202
The buyer’s common law remedies 205
Acceptance of the builder’s repudiatory breach 205
Specific performance 206
Article XI—Buyer’s default 208
The definition of default 209
Notice of default 210
The effect of default 210
The effect of rescission by the builder 213
Prepaid instalments 213
Instalments due but unpaid 214
Future instalments 217
Buyer’s supplies 217
Sale of the vessel 217
Common law remedies 220
Article XII—Insurance 222
The duty to insure 223
The Japanese builder’s risks insurance clause 224
CONTENTS xvii
The London Insurance Clauses 225
The scope of coverage 225
Latent defects 228
Buyer’s supplies 229
Assignment 229
Partial losses 230
Total loss 231
Delayed delivery/cancellation insurances 232
Article XIII—Dispute and arbitration 233
Standard form arbitration provisions 234
The SAJ Form 235
The NEWBUILDCON Form 235
The CMAC Form 235
Technical and non-technical arbitrations 235
Technical disputes 236
Non-technical disputes 237
Arbitration proceedings in London 238
The constitution of the arbitration tribunal 239
The proceedings 239
Appeals 239
Agreements to waive the right to appeal 240
Back-to-back contracts 240
Other standard provisions 241
Judicial proceedings 242
Alternative Dispute Resolution 243
Article XIV—Right of assignment 245
General principles relating to assignment 246
1. Benefits 246
2. Burdens 246
3. Prohibitions upon assignment 247
4. ‘‘Consent not to be unreasonably withheld’’ 249
The Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 250
Shipbuilding contract assignments 251
The standard forms 252
Novation 253
Article XV—Taxes and duties 254
Article XVI—Patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc. 255
Property in plans, drawings, etc. 256
Article XVII—Buyer’s supplies 257
Article XVIII—Notice 261
Article XIX—Effective date of contract 263
Conditions precedent and subsequent 263
Conditions and contractual obligations 264
Conditions precedent and subsequent in shipbuilding contracts 264
xviii CONTENTS
Reliance upon Effective Date provisions 265
Waiver of conditions 270
Article XX—Interpretation 273
Applicable law 273
Express choice of law 273
No express choice of law 274
Discrepancies 275
Entire agreement 275
‘‘Non-reliance’’ provisions 276
Express exclusions of liability for misrepresentation 278
Article XXI—Sundry provisions 279
Guarantee 280
Other typical shipbuilding contract terms 281
Suspension of the work 281
Environmental protection 282
Confidentiality 283
Exclusions and limitations of liability 284
PART 4—AGREEMENTS ANCILLARY TO THE SHIPBUILDING
CONTRACT 287
I. The specifications 287
II. Guarantees issued on behalf of the builder 288
Refund guarantees 289
Performance guarantees 293
Completion bonds 294
The enforceability of the builder’s guarantees 295
(a) The Statute of Frauds 1677 296
(b) Other formalities 297
(c) The requirement of disclosure 298
(d) The effect of variations to the underlying contract 300
III. Guarantees issued on behalf of the buyer 303
Pre-delivery guarantees 304
Post-delivery guarantees 305
IV. Letters of comfort 306
V. Contract assignments 307
VI. Option agreements 308
PART 5—SHIP CONVERSION CONTRACTS 311
I. The distinctive features of the conversion project 311
II. The nature of the conversion contract 313
III. The key terms of the conversion contract 313
The scope of the works 314
Price 314
Time-frame 315
Force majeure 315
CONTENTS xix
Title to the works 315
Risk of loss and insurance 315
Contractor’s warranty 316
Rescission 316
Law and jurisdiction 316
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