download

Pendekatan hidrostatik kapal stabilitas bertujuan untuk menyeimbangkan berat badan kapal ideal terhadap pasukan apung. Buku ini adalah panduan lengkap untuk memahami hydrostatics kapal dalam desain kapal dan kinerja kapal.

Adrian Biran panduan pembaca dari prinsip pertama melalui teori stabilitas hidrostatik dan kapal dasar dan terapan, dan memperkenalkan teknik matematika kontemporer untuk pemodelan hidrostatik dan analisis. Contoh kehidupan nyata dari aplikasi praktis dari hydrostatics digunakan untuk menjelaskan teori dan perhitungan; dan untuk menggambarkan efek pergeseran bobot dan perpindahan gravitasi pusat terhadap stabilitas kapal secara keseluruhan.

Kapal Hidrostatika dan Stabilitas mencakup perkembangan terbaru di bidang arsitektur angkatan laut seperti resonansi parametrik (juga dikenal sebagai efek Mathieu), efek dari gerakan non-linear pada stabilitas, pengaruh garis kapal, dan peraturan stabilitas internasional baru untuk kapal kecil . Ekstensif menggunakan teknik komputer dibuat sepanjang dan download file MATLAB menemani buku untuk mendukung pembaca sendiri perhitungan hidrostatik dan stabilitas.

  • Mematuhi standar internasional dan terminologi
  • Termasuk contoh-contoh praktis kehidupan nyata dan perhitungan untuk menggambarkan pendekatan hidrostatik untuk kapal stabilitas
  • Didampingi file MATLAB gratis download untuk mendukung pembaca sendiri perhitungan hidrostatik dan stabilitas

Daftar ISi

Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Definitions, principal dimensions 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Marine terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 The principal dimensions of a ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 The definition of the hull surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.1 Coordinate systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.4.2 Graphic description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.4.3 Fairing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.4.4 Table of offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.5 Coefficients of form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.7 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2 Basic ship hydrostatics 23
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Archimedes’ principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.1 A body with simple geometrical form . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2.2 The general case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.3 The conditions of equilibrium of a floating body . . . . . . . . 32
2.3.1 Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3.2 Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.4 A definition of stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5 Initial stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.6 Metacentric height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.7 A lemma on moving volumes or masses . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.8 Small angles of inclination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.8.1 A theorem on the axis of inclination . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.8.2 Metacentric radius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.9 The curve of centres of buoyancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.10 The metacentric evolute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.11 Metacentres for various axes of inclination . . . . . . . . . . . 47
viii Contents
2.12 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.13 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.14 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.15 Appendix –Water densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3 Numerical integration in naval architecture 71
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.2 The trapezoidal rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.2.1 Error of integration by the trapezoidal rule . . . . . . . 75
3.3 Simpson’s rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.3.1 Error of integration by Simpson’s rule . . . . . . . . . 79
3.4 Calculating points on the integral curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.5 Intermediate ordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.6 Reduced ordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.7 Other procedures of numerical integration . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.9 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.10 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4 Hydrostatic curves 91
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.2 The calculation of hydrostatic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.2.1 Waterline properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4.2.2 Volume properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4.2.3 Derived data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.2.4 Wetted surface area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
4.3 Hydrostatic curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.4 Bonjean curves and their use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.5 Some properties of hydrostatic curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4.6 Hydrostatic properties of affine hulls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
4.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
4.8 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
4.9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
5 Statical stability at large angles of heel 111
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5.2 The righting arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5.3 The curve of statical stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
5.4 The influence of trim and waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5.6 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
5.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
6 Simple models of stability 121
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Contents ix
6.2 Angles of statical equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
6.3 The wind heeling arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
6.4 Heeling arm in turning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
6.5 Other heeling arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
6.6 Dynamical stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
6.7 Stability conditions – a more rigorous derivation . . . . . . . . 131
6.8 Roll period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
6.9 Loads that adversely affect stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.9.1 Loads displaced transversely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.9.2 Hanging loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
6.9.3 Free surfaces of liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
6.9.4 Shifting loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
6.9.5 Moving loads as a case of positive feedback . . . . . . 142
6.10 The stability of grounded or docked ships . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
6.10.1 Grounding on the whole length of the keel . . . . . . . 144
6.10.2 Grounding on one point of the keel . . . . . . . . . . . 145
6.11 Negative metacentric height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
6.12 The limitations of simple models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
6.13 Other modes of capsizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
6.14 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
6.15 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
6.16 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7 Weight and trim calculations 159
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
7.2 Weight calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
7.2.1 Weight groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
7.2.2 Weight calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
7.3 Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
7.3.1 Finding the trim and the draughts at perpendiculars . . 164
7.3.2 Equilibrium at large angles of trim . . . . . . . . . . . 165
7.4 The inclining experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
7.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
7.6 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
7.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
8 Intact stability regulations I 177
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
8.2 The IMO code on intact stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
8.2.1 Passenger and cargo ships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
8.2.2 Cargo ships carrying timber deck cargoes . . . . . . . 182
8.2.3 Fishing vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
8.2.4 Mobile offshore drilling units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
8.2.5 Dynamically supported craft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
8.2.6 Container ships greater than 100m . . . . . . . . . . . 185
x Contents
8.2.7 Icing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
8.2.8 Inclining and rolling tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
8.3 The regulations of the US Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
8.4 The regulations of the UK Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
8.5 A criterion for sail vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
8.6 A code of practice for small workboats and pilot boats . . . . . 194
8.7 Regulations for internal-water vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
8.7.1 EC regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
8.7.2 Swiss regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
8.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
8.9 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
8.10 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
9 Parametric resonance 203
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
9.2 The influence of waves on ship stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
9.3 The Mathieu effect – parametric resonance . . . . . . . . . . . 207
9.3.1 The Mathieu equation – stability . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
9.3.2 The Mathieu equation – simulations . . . . . . . . . . 211
9.3.3 Frequency of encounter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
9.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
9.5 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
9.6 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
10 Intact stability regulations II 221
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
10.2 The regulations of the German Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
10.2.1 Categories of service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
10.2.2 Loading conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
10.2.3 Trochoidal waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
10.2.4 Righting arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
10.2.5 Free liquid surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
10.2.6 Wind heeling arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
10.2.7 The wind criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
10.2.8 Stability in turning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
10.2.9 Other heeling arms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
10.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
10.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
10.5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
11 Flooding and damage condition 239
11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
11.2 A few definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
11.3 Two methods for finding the ship condition after flooding . . . 243
11.3.1 Lost buoyancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Contents xi
11.3.2 Added weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
11.3.3 The comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
11.4 Details of the flooding process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
11.5 Damage stability regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
11.5.1 SOLAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
11.5.2 Probabilistic regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
11.5.3 The US Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
11.5.4 The UK Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
11.5.5 The German Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
11.5.6 A code for large commercial sailing or motor vessels . 259
11.5.7 A code for small workboats and pilot boats . . . . . . . 259
11.5.8 EC regulations for internal-water vessels . . . . . . . . 260
11.5.9 Swiss regulations for internal-water vessels . . . . . . 260
11.6 The curve of floodable lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
11.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
11.8 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
11.9 Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
12 Linear ship response in waves 269
12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
12.2 Linear wave theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
12.3 Modelling real seas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
12.4 Wave induced forces and motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
12.5 A note on natural periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
12.6 Roll stabilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
12.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
12.8 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
12.9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
12.10 Appendix – The relationship between curl and rotation . . . . . 290
13 Computer methods 293
13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
13.2 Geometric introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
13.2.1 Parametric curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
13.2.2 Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
13.2.3 Splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
13.2.4 B´ezier curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
13.2.5 B-splines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
13.2.6 Parametric surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
13.2.7 Ruled surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
13.2.8 Surface curvatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
13.3 Hull modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
13.3.1 Mathematical ship lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
13.3.2 Fairing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
13.3.3 Modelling with MultiSurf and SurfaceWorks . . . . . . 308
xii Contents
13.4 Calculations without and with the computer . . . . . . . . . . 316
13.4.1 Hydrostatic calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
13.5 Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
13.5.1 A simple example of roll simulation . . . . . . . . . . 322
13.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
13.7 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
13.8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Post Disclaimer

The information contained in this post is for general information purposes only. The information is provided by Ship Hydrostatics and Stability 2003 and while we endeavour to keep the information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the website or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained on the post for any purpose.

You might also enjoy:

Leave A Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *